@inbook{03c06b3bde7446ff9dd72d3b57abc528,
title = "The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS): From classical geological services to long-term environmental monitoring programmes, energy transformation and advice on political sensitive topics",
abstract = "The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has a long history and over the years there has been a strong focus on traditional survey work such as geological mapping, research and advice to authorities on questions related to geological and natural resources. Many of the services provided are continuing in the years to come but modern, complex society engenders new questions, where decisions must be based on the best available knowledge, and geological surveys are key players to provide this knowledge to governments. In the new millennium, GEUS has entered into a number of long-term environmental monitoring programmes and several political sensitive projects. Key examples described include groundwater monitoring, assessment of the risk of pesticide leaching to the groundwater, disposal of low-radioactive waste, Carbon Capture and Storage the Continental Shelf Project of the Kingdom of Denmark, monitoring of the Greenland Inland Ice, and other activities on the ice shield. It is expected that GEUS will be involved in even more such studies in the coming years and that the modernization of classical studies will continue. The revised strategy of GEUS to be launched in 2020 will be focused on the institutions input to meet the United Nations sustainable goals.",
author = "Christiansen, {Flemming G.} and Flemming Larsen",
note = "Funding Information: PROMICE is funded by the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and is operated by GEUS in collaboration with the technical University of Denmark (DTU Space) and the Greenlandic company Asiaq. PROMICE planned to start with 14 automatic weather stations but now have more than 25 stations. The automatic mass-balance stations are developed and modified by GEUS and provide many types on climate data in near real-time. Most stations are on the lower part of the inland ice with net ablation. PROMICE is complemented by the US Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) that has stations at higher altitudes, mainly in areas with net accumulation. PROMICE has created a wealth of data and information that have been very important for climate models, especially on the mass budget of the Greenlandic ice sheet. The combination of remote data from satellite and airplanes with direct measurements from the PROMICE station give some robust mass budget models. Data have been intensively used in many collaboration projects and numerous international publications (see review by Colgan et al. 2019). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1144/SP499-2019-118",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-1-78620-476-9",
series = "Geological Society Special Publication",
publisher = "Geological Society of London",
pages = "165--172",
editor = "P.R. Hill and D. Lebel and M. Hitzman and M. Smelror and H. Thorleifson",
booktitle = "The Changing Role of Geological Surveys",
address = "United Kingdom",
}