@article{8aaafd79381d4786b01bd2c4905debe6,
title = "Surface meltwater impounded by seasonal englacial storage in West Greenland",
abstract = "The delivery of surface meltwater through englacial drainage systems to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet modulates ice flow through basal lubrication. Recent studies in Southeast Greenland have identified a perennial firn aquifer; however, there are few observations quantifying the input or residence time of water within the englacial system and it remains unknown whether water can be stored within solid ice. Using hourly stationary radar measurements, we present observations of englacial and episodic subglacial water in the ablation zone of Store Glacier in West Greenland. We find significant storage of meltwater in solid ice damaged by crevasses extending down to 48 m below the ice surface during the summer, which is released or refrozen during winter. This is a significant hydrological component newly observed in the ablation zone of Greenland that could delay the delivery of meltwater to the bed, changing the ice dynamic response to surface meltwater.",
keywords = "englacial storage, glacial hydrology, Greenland Ice Sheet, radio glaciology, subglacial drainage",
author = "A.K. Kendrick and D.M. Schroeder and W. Chu and T.J. Young and P. Christoffersen and J. Todd and S.H. Doyle and J.E. Box and A. Hubbard and B. Hubbard and P.V. Brennan and K.W. Nicholls and L.B. Lok",
note = "Funding Information: D. M. S. and W. C. were partially supported by a grant from the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. Collection of the ApRES data was supported by the University of Cambridge Fieldwork Funds and by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) grant NE/K006126, awarded to T. J. Y. and P. C., respectively. S. H. D. was funded by NERC grant NE/K005871/1. A. H. acknowledges a professorial fellowship funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence (grant 223259). L. B. L. is supported by a University Research Fellowship from The Royal Society. Geospatial support for this work provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681 and 1559691. DEMs were provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. Landsat-8 image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Joe Todd and Marion Bougamont for assistance in choosing the field site, the crew of SV Gambo for logistical support, Ann Andreasen and the Uummannaq Polar Institute for local support, and Coen Hofstede for assistance in the field. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The code used to estimate water storage is available for download from https://www.doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.1323920. The internal layer power and AWS data used are available from https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9. figshare.7104368. Modeled crevasse depth is available from http://doi.org/ chg7. RACMO2.3p2 data are available without conditions from No{\"e}l et al., 2018. Funding Information: D.?M.?S. and W.?C. were partially supported by a grant from the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. Collection of the ApRES data was supported by the University of Cambridge Fieldwork Funds and by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) grant NE/K006126, awarded to T.?J.?Y. and P.?C., respectively. S.?H.?D. was funded by NERC grant NE/K005871/1. A.?H. acknowledges a professorial fellowship funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence (grant 223259). L.?B.?L. is supported by a University Research Fellowship from The Royal Society. Geospatial support for this work provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681 and 1559691. DEMs were provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. Landsat-8 image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Joe Todd and Marion Bougamont for assistance in choosing the field site, the crew of SV Gambo for logistical support, Ann Andreasen and the Uummannaq Polar Institute for local support, and Coen Hofstede for assistance in the field. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The code used to estimate water storage is available for download from https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1323920. The internal layer power and AWS data used are available from https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7104368. Modeled crevasse depth is available from http://doi.org/chg7. RACMO2.3p2 data are available without conditions from No?l et al.,. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. The Authors.",
year = "2018",
month = oct,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2018GL079787",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "10,474--10,481",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "19",
}