TY - JOUR
T1 - Neoproterozoic to Early Triassic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Indochina and adjacent areas
T2 - A review with new data
AU - Tran, Tri Van
AU - Faure, Michel
AU - Nguyen, Vuong Van
AU - Bui, Hoang Huy
AU - Fyhn, Michael Bryld Wessel
AU - Nguyen, Tuan Quang
AU - Lepvrier, Claude
AU - Thomsen, Tonny B.
AU - Tani, Kenichiro
AU - Charusiri, Punya
N1 - Funding Information:
We are deeply indebted to Prof. Clive Burrett for his detailed and valuable comments and suggestions. We express our gratitude to Prof. Osanai Y. and Assoc. Prof. Nakano N. at the Kyushu University, Japan, and Dr. Tadashi Usuki from Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (IESAS) for assisting us on the zircon U-Pb radiometric dating of our samples. We sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers and the JAES editors for providing constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/4/15
Y1 - 2020/4/15
N2 - The Neoproterozoic to Early Triassic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Indochina and adjacent areas can be divided into six mega-episodes: (1) The Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian mega-episode was characterized by shallow marine environment in the Sino-Vietnam composite terrane. Meanwhile, the different blocks of the Indochina composite terranes were still separated by branches of the Proto-Tethys. Sino-Vietnam and part of Indochina amalgamated along the Proto-Song Ma suture by the end of the Early Cambrian. (2) During the Middle Cambrian-Early Ordovician mega-episode, shallow shelf carbonate deposition prevailed north of the Proto-Song Ma suture with associated strata containing a rich benthic fauna. This contrasts with deep marine and volcanic arc setting in the south of the Proto-Song Ma suture. (3) The Middle Ordovician-Silurian mega-episode was characterized by subduction of the Tam Ky-Phuoc Son Ocean beneath the Viet-Lao terrane in the north and the Kon Tum terrane in the south. This was followed by a collisional orogeny that sutured the Kon Tum terrane with the Viet-Lao and Viet-Cambodia terranes along the Tam Ky-Phuoc Son suture. The hypothetic Po Ko and Chu Sinh sutures are discussed. The collision led to an intra-continental orogeny in the Sino-Vietnam composite terrane. By the end of the mega-episode, a unified Sino-Vietnam-Indochina super-terrane was established. During the latest Silurian-Early Devonian, benthic fauna and flora of the Sino-Vietnam and Indochina composite terranes shared Cathaysian affinity. (4) The Devonian-Tournaisian mega-episode was characterized by an Early-Middle Devonian transgression and a Late Devonian-Earliest Carboniferous regression, except for parts of northern Indochina where deep marine conditions remained. (5) During the Visean-Middle Permian, the Song Ma ocean reopenned in the north of Indochina. Meanwhile in the west, a volcano-plutonic belt formed due to eastward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys under the Indochina composite terrane. (6) The Late Permian-Early Triassic mega-episode was characterized by Emeishan mantle plume related continental rifting, and the Indosinian orogeny resulting from resuturing of the Indochina and Sino-Vietnam composite terranes along the Song Ma suture.
AB - The Neoproterozoic to Early Triassic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Indochina and adjacent areas can be divided into six mega-episodes: (1) The Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian mega-episode was characterized by shallow marine environment in the Sino-Vietnam composite terrane. Meanwhile, the different blocks of the Indochina composite terranes were still separated by branches of the Proto-Tethys. Sino-Vietnam and part of Indochina amalgamated along the Proto-Song Ma suture by the end of the Early Cambrian. (2) During the Middle Cambrian-Early Ordovician mega-episode, shallow shelf carbonate deposition prevailed north of the Proto-Song Ma suture with associated strata containing a rich benthic fauna. This contrasts with deep marine and volcanic arc setting in the south of the Proto-Song Ma suture. (3) The Middle Ordovician-Silurian mega-episode was characterized by subduction of the Tam Ky-Phuoc Son Ocean beneath the Viet-Lao terrane in the north and the Kon Tum terrane in the south. This was followed by a collisional orogeny that sutured the Kon Tum terrane with the Viet-Lao and Viet-Cambodia terranes along the Tam Ky-Phuoc Son suture. The hypothetic Po Ko and Chu Sinh sutures are discussed. The collision led to an intra-continental orogeny in the Sino-Vietnam composite terrane. By the end of the mega-episode, a unified Sino-Vietnam-Indochina super-terrane was established. During the latest Silurian-Early Devonian, benthic fauna and flora of the Sino-Vietnam and Indochina composite terranes shared Cathaysian affinity. (4) The Devonian-Tournaisian mega-episode was characterized by an Early-Middle Devonian transgression and a Late Devonian-Earliest Carboniferous regression, except for parts of northern Indochina where deep marine conditions remained. (5) During the Visean-Middle Permian, the Song Ma ocean reopenned in the north of Indochina. Meanwhile in the west, a volcano-plutonic belt formed due to eastward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys under the Indochina composite terrane. (6) The Late Permian-Early Triassic mega-episode was characterized by Emeishan mantle plume related continental rifting, and the Indosinian orogeny resulting from resuturing of the Indochina and Sino-Vietnam composite terranes along the Song Ma suture.
KW - Indochina composite terrane
KW - Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphy
KW - Sino-Vietnam composite terrane
KW - Song Ma suture
KW - Tam Ky-Phuoc Son suture
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078562034&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104231
DO - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104231
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85078562034
SN - 1367-9120
VL - 191
JO - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
JF - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
M1 - 104231
ER -
