Influence of biochar on soil biology in the charosphere

Biochar application has long been recognized as one of the best approaches for sustainable agriculture. In this regard, studies involved investigating the impact of various biochar types on a wide range physicochemical and biological properties of different soil types and the growth performance of crop species. Although the studies focus on the diversity, abundance, community structure, and functional properties of microorganisms inhabited in charosphere, the immediate interfaces of soil and biochar are limited. Therefore this chapter provides insight into the bacterial, fungal, and soil faunal colonization characteristics in charosphere along with the functional properties affected in dissimilar soil types by biochar having different origins. The effect of altered physicochemical properties such as soil pH, soil aggregate stability, cation-exchange capacity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, available nutrients, and soil porosity and water holding capacity accompanied by biochar application on colonization and functioning of soil microbiota is highlighted in different sections with reference to recent scientific publications. Furthermore, the soil biotic responses such as enzymatic activities and metabolism regulated by biochar application are extensively discussed and recommendations are provided.