Fundamentals and applications of layered double hydroxides for fluoride removal

Drinking water contamination with the excess level of fluoride is a significant problem worldwide, particularly threatening human health. Though many treatment methods have been examined to remove fluoride, it has been challenging due to its inertness. However, over the last few decades, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have particularly attracted attention as a promising adsorbent to trap anionic fluoride from aqueous environments owing to their unique properties, such as good biocompatibility nature, high-surface area, and high exchangeability of the existing anion with the target anion. Besides that, the synthesis of LDHs is easy and cost-effective. Further, well-arranged voids and surfaces between layers exhibit the possibility of designing innovative composites with better performance. This chapter focuses on the different synthesis and modification methods of LDHs, highlighting fluoride removal from the aqueous matrixes through their characteristics and functional properties. However, further research efforts are needed to understanding their application as the proficient adsorbent to remove fluoride in natural systems.