Bottom water masses on the European continental margins

For the first time, a detailed map of bottom water masses across the European continental margins, illustrating the influence of 24 water masses on the seafloor. The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) (6.1 million km²) and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (3.8 million km²), dominate the Atlantic, while the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) (1.2 million km²) prevails in the Mediterranean. Their distribution is linked to depth and physical boundaries, such as ocean ridges and straits, causing significant variations in seafloor temperature. Geostatistical analysis of seafloor temperature reveals high spatial continuity in deep basins, while shallow water masses exhibit greater variability due to seasonal and annual changes. This map is an essential tool for identifying areas impacted by specific water masses, modeling seabed temperature changes, and supporting sustainable resource management. It also aids in protecting vulnerable ecosystems, understanding sedimentary processes, and planning marine infrastructure in the context of climate change.