@inbook{4aa282717afa4b69b6f8ba3caa5ff052,
title = "Addressing arsenic mass poisoning in South Asia with electrochemical arsenic remediation",
abstract = "Millions of people in rural South Asia are exposed to high levels of naturally occurring arsenic through groundwater used for drinking. Many arsenic remediation technologies and other safe water strategies have been deployed, but quickly failed because they were not maintained, repaired, accepted, or affordable. In this chapter, we review the development to date of electrochemical arsenic remediation (ECAR) and demonstrate its promise to cornerstone a comprehensive sustainable and scalable safe water solution for rural communities in South Asia, directly addressing the causes of previous arsenic remediation failures. Specifically, we present results from experiments in synthetic groundwater, field trials in West Bengal, waste sludge stabilization in concrete, development of a predictive chemical dynamic model of ECAR performance, and preliminary studies of Escherichia coli and MS2 virus removal using ECAR. These results suggest that ECAR is a promising technology with the potential to provide a sustainable, scalable, and comprehensive clean water solution in arsenic-affected areas of South Asia.",
keywords = "Arsenic, Bangladesh, Electrocoagulation, EXAFS, Groundwater, Heavy metals, In situ, South Asia, Water treatment",
author = "Ashok Gadgil and Susan Amrose and Siva Bandaru and Caroline Delaire and Andrew Torkelson and {van Genuchten}, Case",
note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge support for this work by The Richard C. Blum Center for Developing Economies, a US EPA P3 Phase II award, The Sustainable Products and Solutions Program at UC Berkeley, the Marin-San Francisco Jewish Teen Foundation, the UC Berkeley Bears Breaking Boundaries Contest, and LDRD funds from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are greatly indebted to Prof.s Joyashree Roy, Amit Dutta, and Anupam DebSarkar of Jadavpur University (Kolkata, India), Prof Abhijit Das of Kandi Raj College (Murshidabad, India), and the NGO Bilchatra Anneshan Janakaylan Samity (BAJS), particularly Taimur Khan, for their contributions to the 100l and 600l field trials. They played a critical role in connecting us to communities and helping us understand the situation on the ground. Prof.s Dutta and DebSarkar also replicated and independently tested our 100l ECAR reactor using local parts and labor, in addition to providing space and supervision to rebuild and commission the 600L reactor in their laboratory, and providing oversight for our students to conduct several scoping experiments in their laboratory facilities. We are also thankful to Iqbal and Kamal Quadir and the nonprofit organization RDI-Cambodia for supporting field trials, along with Johanna Mathieu, Lei Li, Rebecca Lin, Shreya Ramesh, Carol Soares, Marc Muller, Michele Muller, John Wang, Debbie Cheng, Sarah Miller, Pragya Gupta, Dinesh Mantri, Narendra Shenoy, Katya Cherukumilli, and students who participated in ECAR for UC Berkeley's course Design for Sustainable Communities. Thanks also to LBNL researchers Jonathan Slack and Howdy Goudey for generous assistance and guidance in the design and fabrication of various reactors and Robert Kostecki and Venkat Srinivasan for valuable advice. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
year = "2014",
month = jun,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1016/B978-0-12-411645-0.00006-7",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-0-12-411645-0",
pages = "115--154",
editor = "Satinder Ahuja",
booktitle = "Water reclamation and sustainability",
publisher = "Elsevier",
address = "Netherlands",
}