TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of climate on early and burial diagenesis of Triassic and Jurassic sandstones from the Norwegian-Danish Basin
AU - Weibel, Rikke
AU - Olivarius, Mette
AU - Kjøller, Claus
AU - Kristensen, Lars
AU - Hjuler, Morten Leth
AU - Friis, Henrik
AU - Pedersen, Per Kent
AU - Boyce, Adrian
AU - Andersen, Morten Sparre
AU - Kamla, Elina
AU - Boldreel, Lars Ole
AU - Mathiesen, Anders
AU - Nielsen, Lars Henrik
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Authors. The Depositional Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Sedimentologists.
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - Climate changes preserved in sandstones are documented by comparing the
sediment composition and early diagenetic changes in sandstones
deposited during arid to semi-arid conditions, the Skagerrak Formation,
with sandstones of the Gassum Formation deposited in a humid
well-vegetated environment. The study area covers the easternmost part
of the Norwegian–Danish Basin, for which the Fennoscandian Shield
functioned as sediment source area. The depositional environments of the
formations, their distribution and burial depths are well-constrained,
facilitating a comprehensive petrographical and geochemical study
complemented by porosity and permeability measurements of cores widely
distributed in the basin (1700 to 5900 m burial depth). The Skagerrak
Formation had an immature composition with more abundant feldspar, rock
fragments and a larger variability in the heavy mineral assemblage when
compared to the Gassum Formation, which was characterized by quartz and
more stable heavy minerals. The arid to semi-arid climate led to early
oxidizing conditions under which abundant iron-oxide/hydroxide coatings
formed, while the evaporative processes occasionally resulted in caliche
and gypsum precipitation. Under the humid climate, kaolinite
precipitated due to leaching of feldspar and mica, and the abundant
organic matter caused reducing conditions, which led to other Fe-rich
phases, i.e. pyrite, Fe-chlorite and siderite. The inherited early
diagenetic pore fluids and mineral assemblage also affect the mineral
changes occurring during deeper burial, so dolomite preferentially
formed in the sandstones deposited in an arid environment, while
ankerite characterizes sandstones deposited under humid conditions. In
addition to climate-induced burial diagenetic changes, there are also
temperature-dependent phases, such as illite and quartz cement. Despite
the same sediment source area remaining active during the entire period,
the sediments that reached the Norwegian–Danish Basin were immature
during the arid interval, although mature during the humid period. This
has implications for provenance investigations as well as diagenetic
investigations of sandstone reservoir quality.
AB - Climate changes preserved in sandstones are documented by comparing the
sediment composition and early diagenetic changes in sandstones
deposited during arid to semi-arid conditions, the Skagerrak Formation,
with sandstones of the Gassum Formation deposited in a humid
well-vegetated environment. The study area covers the easternmost part
of the Norwegian–Danish Basin, for which the Fennoscandian Shield
functioned as sediment source area. The depositional environments of the
formations, their distribution and burial depths are well-constrained,
facilitating a comprehensive petrographical and geochemical study
complemented by porosity and permeability measurements of cores widely
distributed in the basin (1700 to 5900 m burial depth). The Skagerrak
Formation had an immature composition with more abundant feldspar, rock
fragments and a larger variability in the heavy mineral assemblage when
compared to the Gassum Formation, which was characterized by quartz and
more stable heavy minerals. The arid to semi-arid climate led to early
oxidizing conditions under which abundant iron-oxide/hydroxide coatings
formed, while the evaporative processes occasionally resulted in caliche
and gypsum precipitation. Under the humid climate, kaolinite
precipitated due to leaching of feldspar and mica, and the abundant
organic matter caused reducing conditions, which led to other Fe-rich
phases, i.e. pyrite, Fe-chlorite and siderite. The inherited early
diagenetic pore fluids and mineral assemblage also affect the mineral
changes occurring during deeper burial, so dolomite preferentially
formed in the sandstones deposited in an arid environment, while
ankerite characterizes sandstones deposited under humid conditions. In
addition to climate-induced burial diagenetic changes, there are also
temperature-dependent phases, such as illite and quartz cement. Despite
the same sediment source area remaining active during the entire period,
the sediments that reached the Norwegian–Danish Basin were immature
during the arid interval, although mature during the humid period. This
has implications for provenance investigations as well as diagenetic
investigations of sandstone reservoir quality.
KW - Carbonate cement
KW - clay minerals
KW - climate
KW - detrital composition/maturity of detritus
KW - Fe-rich phases
KW - palaeohydrology
KW - sandstone diagenesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076958044&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/dep2.27
DO - 10.1002/dep2.27
M3 - Article
SN - 2055-4877
VL - 3
SP - 60
EP - 91
JO - Depositional Record
JF - Depositional Record
IS - 1
ER -