@inbook{53abcd002d924d8a946908f901a7b81b,
title = "Quantifying vertical movements in fold and thrust belts: Subsidence, uplift and erosion in Kurdistan, northern Iraq",
abstract = "Traditional structural analysis in fold and thrust belts has focused on quantifying horizontal movements. In this paper, the importance of quantifying vertical movements is illustrated using a case study from Kurdistan, northern Iraq. The subsidence history of this area can be determined by analysis of the stratigraphic record from deep exploration wells. A phase of thermal subsidence from Middle Permian to Late Cretaceous (tectonic subsidence 1.8–1.9 km) was followed by flexural subsidence in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic (tectonic subsidence >0.6 km) in response to the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The main phase of continental collision during the Neogene resulted in the development of the Zagros fold and thrust belt; the amount of uplift at individual anticlines can be estimated from their amplitude (up to 3 km), but regional cross-sections indicate that approximately 1 km of additional basement-involved uplift is present NE of the Mountain Front. The timing of basement-involved uplift is interpreted to be coeval with the deposition of a Pliocene– Quaternary growth sequence adjacent to the Mountain Front. The amount of erosion resulting from the uplift can be estimated from vitrinite reflectance and cross-sections; these estimates show a similar pattern, with maximum erosion in the mountains NE of the Mountain Front (>1.5 km) and lesser erosion in the adjacent foreland basin (generally <0.8 km). The results provide a quantitative understanding of subsidence, uplift and erosion, and have been used to define prospective and high-risk areas for petroleum exploration.",
author = "Tozer, {Richard S.J.} and Michael Hertle and Petersen, {Henrik I.} and Kim Zinck-J{\o}rgensen",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1144/SP490-2019-118",
language = "English",
series = "Geological Society Special Publication",
publisher = "Geological Society of London",
number = "1",
pages = "397--415",
editor = "J.A. Hammerstein and {Di Cuia}, R. and M.A. Cottam and G. Zamora and R.W.H. Butler",
booktitle = "Fold and thrust belts: Structural style, evolution and exploration",
address = "United Kingdom",
}