Outcrop scale reservoir characterisation and flow modelling of CO₂ injection in the tsunami and the barrier island-Tidal inlet reservoirs of the Camarillas Fm. (Galve sub-basin, Teruel, NE Spain)

In this study, we examined two sandstones bodies of the Camarillas Fm. The porosity and permeability models of each sandstone body, the tsunami deposit at the bottom and the barrier island – tidal inlet deposit at the top, supplied two independent reservoir models reflecting different sedimentary processes. Through study cases from outcrop data, we show that the dissolution of CO₂ reached 40% of the total injected where the injection point was in thin zones (1–3 m-thick). The study cases presented here represent nearly one grid block (grid cell) of classic reservoir models, but are very complex in terms of petrophysical distribution. Geological model uncertainty is low (outcrop data), and facies are well correlated to petrophysics. Both deposits stored 50–60% of injected CO ₂ by residual and dissolution trapping over 7.5 years. The injection rate per day (maximum 200 sm³/day for the tsunami reservoir and 400 sm³/day for the barrier island − tidal inlet (b.i/inlet) reservoir) and the total amount of injected CO ₂ (108,000–116,000 sm³, ∼200 ton in 1.2–1.7 years) were very low in comparison with an in industrial project; however, results of this study have an important impact on the assessment and estimation of dissolved CO₂ in aqueous phase, and could be used in studies on upscaling methods.