Location of the Carlsberg Fault zone from seismic controlled-source fan recordings

We locate the concealed Carlsberg Fault zone in the city of Copenhagen from seismic fan recordings. The fault is part of a fault system close to the border between the Danish Basin and the Baltic Shield. Recent earthquakes indicate that this area is tectonically active. The fault zone is a seismic low-velocity zone. Fan shots were recorded on three receiver arrays (1.5-2.4 km long arcs) across the fault. Sources were placed inside and up to ∼500 m away from the ∼400-700 m wide fault zone at offsets of up to ∼7 km. Shots inside the fault zone show: 1) weak, delayed first arrivals inside the fault zone; 2) stronger first arrivals outside the fault zone; 3) guided waves inside the fault zone. The fault is a shadow zone for shots detonated outside the fault zone. Our approach facilitates fault mapping in densely urbanized areas where seismic profiling is not feasible.