@article{ac30c9bd74f041dba00e3e8506ee7479,
title = "Hagen Br{\ae}: A Surging Glacier in North Greenland—35 Years of Observations",
abstract = "We use remotely sensed ice velocities in combination with observations of surface elevation and glacier area change to investigate the dynamics of Hagen Br{\ae}, North Greenland in high detail over the last 35 years. From our data, we can establish for the first time that Hagen Br{\ae} is a surge-type glacier with characteristics of both Alaskan- and Svalbard-type surging glaciers. We argue that the observed surge was preconditioned by the glacier geometry and triggered by englacially stored meltwater. At present, the glacier is in a transitional state between active and quiescence phases and is not building up to its pre-surge geometry. We suggest that the glacier is adjusting to the loss of its floating section, general thinning, and changes in fjord conditions that occurred over the study period which are unrelated to the surge behavior. The high temporal resolution of the ice velocity data gives insight to the sub-annual glacier flow.",
keywords = "glacier surge, ice dynamics, ice flow, North Greenland, remote sensing",
author = "A.M. Solgaard and S.B. Simonsen and A. Grinsted and R. Mottram and N.B. Karlsson and K. Hansen and A. Kusk and L.S. S{\o}rensen",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the editor and reviewers for useful comments to manuscript. The work was supported by the European Space Agency, Ice Sheet CCI project (ESA Contract 40000112228/15/I-NB). Ice velocity maps based on Copernicus Sentinel-1 SAR images distributed by ESA, airborne surface and bedrock data and glacier area change data were produced as part of the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and were provided by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) (http://www.promice.dk). IV maps and grounding line data are provided by the ESA Greenland Ice Sheet CCI project (www.esa-icesheets-greenland-cci.org). Landsat images courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. Landsat based IV maps are available online (https://doi.org/10.17894/ucph.19fcf572-1d5f-45b5-9107-c9ceae8ce819). ICESat data are available via NSIDC. All Operation IceBridge data were downloaded online (http://www.nsidc.org). HIRHAM5 regional climate model simulations were supported by the ERC Synergy project ice2ice (ERC Grant 610055) from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and were run at the Danish Meteorological Institute. Regional climate model output is freely available online (http://prudence.dmi.dk/data/temp/RUM/HIRHAM/GREENLAND/ERAI/). Funding Information: We thank the editor and reviewers for useful comments to manuscript. The work was supported by the European Space Agency, Ice Sheet CCI project (ESA Contract 40000112228/15/I‐NB). Ice velocity maps based on Copernicus Sentinel‐1 SAR images distributed by ESA, airborne surface and bedrock data and glacier area change data were produced as part of the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and were provided by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) ( http://www.promice.dk ). IV maps and grounding line data are provided by the ESA Greenland Ice Sheet CCI project ( www.esa-icesheets-greenland-cci.org ). Landsat images courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. Landsat based IV maps are available online ( https://doi.org/10.17894/ucph.19fcf572-1d5f-45b5-9107-c9ceae8ce819 ). ICESat data are available via NSIDC. All Operation IceBridge data were downloaded online ( http://www.nsidc.org ). HIRHAM5 regional climate model simulations were supported by the ERC Synergy project ice2ice (ERC Grant 610055) from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013) and were run at the Danish Meteorological Institute. Regional climate model output is freely available online ( http://prudence.dmi.dk/data/temp/RUM/HIRHAM/GREENLAND/ERAI/ ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. The Authors.",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2019GL085802",
language = "English",
volume = "47",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "6",
}