@article{6107d7eb0388433180d81156eeb71699,
title = "Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database",
abstract = "Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-Access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.",
author = "Anja L{\o}kkegaard and Mankoff, {Kenneth D.} and Christian Zdanowicz and Clow, {Gary D.} and L{\"u}thi, {Martin P.} and Doyle, {Samuel H.} and Thomsen, {Henrik H.} and David Fisher and Joel Harper and Andy Aschwanden and Vinther, {Bo M.} and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen and Harry Zekollari and Toby Meierbachtol and Ian McDowell and Neil Humphrey and Anne Solgaard and Karlsson, {Nanna B.} and Khan, {Shfaqat A.} and Benjamin Hills and Robert Law and Bryn Hubbard and Poul Christoffersen and Myl{\`e}ne Jacquemart and Julien Seguinot and Fausto, {Robert S.} and Colgan, {William T.}",
note = "Funding Information: The development of this database by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has been supported by the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet ( http://www.promice.dk , last access: 4 September 2023), the Independent Research Fund Denmark award (IRFD; grant no. 8049-00003B), and a Villum Foundation award (grant no. 00022885). Ice coring on the Canadian Arctic ice caps has been primarily supported by the Polar Continental Shelf Project and the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), with additional funding from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science (Prince of Wales Icefield 2005) and Japan's Science and Technology Agency (Penny Ice Cap, 1996). Harry Zekollari received funding from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS (postdoctoral grant – charg{\'e} de recherches) and PROTECT, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 869304). Ice temperature measurements on Store Glacier have been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 683048; RESPONDER), the National Environment Research Council (NERC; SAFIRE grant nos. NE/K006126 and NE/K005871/1), and an Aberystwyth University Capital Equipment grant. Andy Aschwanden has been supported by NASA (grant no. 20-CRYO2020-0052). Robert Law received funding from a NERC Doctoral Training Partnership studentship (grant no. NE/L002507/1). Myl{\`e}ne Jacquemart received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. SNSF 184634; PROGGRESS). Joel Harper, Neil Humphrey, Toby Meierbachtol, Ian McDowell, and Benjamin Hills have been funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs (grant nos. 1203451 and 0909495). Gary D. Clow received funding from the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs. Martin P. L{\"u}thi received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 200021-127197). Julien Seguinot received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF; grant nos. 200020-169558 and 200021-153179/1) to Martin Funk (ETHZ) and the Trond Mohn Stiftelse (TMS) and University of Bergen (UiB) start-up (grant no. TMS2022STG03) to Suzette Flantua (UiB). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.",
year = "2023",
month = sep,
day = "8",
doi = "10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023",
language = "English",
volume = "17",
pages = "3829--3845",
journal = "Cryosphere",
issn = "1994-0416",
publisher = "Copernicus Publications",
number = "9",
}