Five decadal trends in averages and extremes of rainfall and temperature in Sri Lanka

In this study, we used a comprehensive set of statistical metrics to investigate the historical trends in averages and extremes of rainfall and temperature in Sri Lanka. The data consist of 55 years (1961-2015) of daily rainfall, maximum temperature (T_max), and minimum temperature (T_min) records from 20 stations scattered throughout Sri Lanka. The linear trends were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen-Theil regression. The prewhitening method was first used to remove autocorrelation from the time series, and the modified seasonal Mann-Kendall test was then applied for the seasonal data. The results show that, during May, 15% of the stations showed a significant decrease in wet days, which may be due to the delayed southwest monsoon (SWM) to Sri Lanka. A remarkable increase in the annual average temperature of T_min and T_max was observed as 70% and 55% of the stations, respectively. For the entire period, 80% of the stations demonstrated statistically significant increases of T_min during June and July. The daily temperature range (DTR) exhibited a widespread increase at the stations located within the southwestern coast region of Sri Lanka. Although changes in global climate, teleconnections, and local deforestation in recent decades at least partially influence the trends observed in Sri Lanka, a formal trend attribution study should be conducted.