@article{a4481bc9661f4903b8138af5aea5571d,
title = "An updated radiocarbon-based ice margin chronology for the last deglaciation of the North American Ice Sheet Complex",
abstract = "The North American Ice Sheet Complex (NAISC; consisting of the Laurentide, Cordilleran and Innuitian ice sheets) was the largest ice mass to repeatedly grow and decay in the Northern Hemisphere during the Quaternary. Understanding its pattern of retreat following the Last Glacial Maximum is critical for studying many facets of the Late Quaternary, including ice sheet behaviour, the evolution of Holocene landscapes, sea level, atmospheric circulation, and the peopling of the Americas. Currently, the most up-to-date and authoritative margin chronology for the entire ice sheet complex is featured in two publications (Geological Survey of Canada Open File 1574 [Dyke et al., 2003]; {\textquoteleft}Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology, Part II{\textquoteright} [Dyke, 2004]). These often-cited datasets track ice margin recession in 36 time slices spanning 18 ka to 1 ka (all ages in uncalibrated radiocarbon years) using a combination of geomorphology, stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating. However, by virtue of being over 15 years old, the ice margin chronology requires updating to reflect new work and important revisions. This paper updates the aforementioned 36 ice margin maps to reflect new data from regional studies. We also update the original radiocarbon dataset from the 2003/2004 papers with 1541 new ages to reflect work up to and including 2018. A major revision is made to the 18 ka ice margin, where Banks and Eglinton islands (once considered to be glacial refugia) are now shown to be fully glaciated. Our updated 18 ka ice sheet increased in areal extent from 17.81 to 18.37 million km2, which is an increase of 3.1% in spatial coverage of the NAISC at that time. Elsewhere, we also summarize, region-by-region, significant changes to the deglaciation sequence. This paper integrates new information provided by regional experts and radiocarbon data into the deglaciation sequence while maintaining consistency with the original ice margin positions of Dyke et al. (2003) and Dyke (2004) where new information is lacking; this is a pragmatic solution to satisfy the needs of a Quaternary research community that requires up-to-date knowledge of the pattern of ice margin recession of what was once the world's largest ice mass. The 36 updated isochrones are available in PDF and shapefile format, together with a spreadsheet of the expanded radiocarbon dataset (n = 5195 ages) and estimates of uncertainty for each interval.",
keywords = "Glaciation, Ice margin chronology, North America, Quaternary, Radiocarbon",
author = "Dalton, {April S.} and Martin Margold and Stokes, {Chris R.} and Lev Tarasov and Dyke, {Arthur S.} and Adams, {Roberta S.} and Serge Allard and Arends, {Heather E.} and Nigel Atkinson and Attig, {John W.} and Barnett, {Peter J.} and Barnett, {Robert L.} and Martin Batterson and Pascal Bernatchez and Borns, {Harold W.} and Andy Breckenridge and Briner, {Jason P.} and Etienne Brouard and Campbell, {Janet E.} and Carlson, {Anders E.} and Clague, {John J.} and Curry, {B. Brandon} and Daigneault, {Robert Andr{\'e}} and Hugo Dub{\'e}-Loubert and Easterbrook, {Don J.} and Franzi, {David A.} and Friedrich, {Hannah G.} and Svend Funder and Gauthier, {Michelle S.} and Gowan, {Angela S.} and Harris, {Ken L.} and Bernard H{\'e}tu and Hooyer, {Tom S.} and Jennings, {Carrie E.} and Johnson, {Mark D.} and Kehew, {Alan E.} and Kelley, {Samuel E.} and Daniel Kerr and King, {Edward L.} and Kjeldsen, {Kristian K.} and Knaeble, {Alan R.} and Patrick Lajeunesse and Lakeman, {Thomas R.} and Michel Lamothe and Phillip Larson and Martin Lavoie and Loope, {Henry M.} and Lowell, {Thomas V.} and Lusardi, {Barbara A.} and Lorraine Manz and Isabelle McMartin and Nixon, {F. Chantel} and Serge Occhietti and Parkhill, {Michael A.} and Piper, {David J.W.} and Pronk, {Antonius G.} and Richard, {Pierre J.H.} and Ridge, {John C.} and Martin Ross and Martin Roy and Allen Seaman and John Shaw and Stea, {Rudolph R.} and Teller, {James T.} and Thompson, {Woodrow B.} and Thorleifson, {L. Harvey} and Utting, {Daniel J.} and Veillette, {Jean J.} and Ward, {Brent C.} and Weddle, {Thomas K.} and Wright, {Herbert E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was initiated by the MOCA (Meltwater routing and Ocean-Cryosphere-Atmosphere response) project, which was a joint network project of the INQUA (International Union for Quaternary Research), PALCOM (Paleoclimate) and TERPRO (Terrestrial Processes) Commissions. We are grateful for financial support for MOCA project workshops from INQUA over the 2009 to 2012 interval. We also acknowledge funding from the DIFeREns2 Junior Research Fellowship (no. 609412; funded by European Union/Durham University) to ASD; the Natural Environment Research Council (no. NE/J00782X/1) to CRS; the International Postdoctoral Fellowship (no. 637-2014-483) from the Swedish Research Council to MM, and the Czech Science Foundation (no. 19-21216Y) to MM. We thank the PALSEA (a PAGES/INQUA working group) for useful discussions at the 2019 meeting (Dublin, Ireland). We also thank the USGS-supported STATEMAP and Great Lake Geologic Mapping Consortium for providing funding for coring and new dates. Maps were created in ArcGIS Pro 2.3.2 using basemap data from Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community. Finally, we thank the constructive feedback from Lynda Dredge as well as two anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the manuscript. Funding Information: This work was initiated by the MOCA (Meltwater routing and Ocean-Cryosphere-Atmosphere response) project, which was a joint network project of the INQUA (International Union for Quaternary Research), PALCOM (Paleoclimate) and TERPRO (Terrestrial Processes) Commissions. We are grateful for financial support for MOCA project workshops from INQUA over the 2009 to 2012 interval. We also acknowledge funding from the DIFeREns2 Junior Research Fellowship (no. 609412 ; funded by European Union/ Durham University ) to ASD; the Natural Environment Research Council (no. NE/J00782X/1 ) to CRS; the International Postdoctoral Fellowship (no. 637-2014-483 ) from the Swedish Research Council to MM, and the Czech Science Foundation (no. 19-21216Y) to MM. We thank the PALSEA (a PAGES/INQUA working group) for useful discussions at the 2019 meeting (Dublin, Ireland). We also thank the USGS-supported STATEMAP and Great Lake Geologic Mapping Consortium for providing funding for coring and new dates. Maps were created in ArcGIS Pro 2.3.2 using basemap data from Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community. Finally, we thank the constructive feedback from Lynda Dredge as well as two anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2020",
month = apr,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106223",
language = "English",
volume = "234",
journal = "Quaternary Science Reviews",
issn = "0277-3791",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}